Over the last few years specia... free essay sample

Over the last few years special need for tall buildings has been established. Particular emphasis has been given to reducing time period for the completion of these projects. Hence special structural formworks has been introduced to reduce time as well as labour cost of these industry. Structural Formworks used in the Construiction Industry has tremendous advantages in terms of speed of completion of the project. However since these Auto Climbing Systems is also used at tremendous heights these factors could lead to major hazards. These are mainly usedin the building of core concrete walls which works as the backbone of the entire structure of the building.Some of these hazards include personnel working on the platform has a danger of falling from height,injury from material falling from height to the person working below the platforms. High priority is required to safety aspects during the Jumping/Lifting of the platform. When ythe platformis elevated from a lower level to a higher level new risks and hazards are introduced. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze various risks and hazards involved in the use of such structural formworks in the construction industry and provide proper and appropriate means of control measures. INTRODUCTIONThe height of a building has always contributed to the constructions status.While India may be far behind when it comes to elevated constructions, in comparision with many other cities in the world, the country is making a slow but steady ascent with a number of towering structures that are being built and planned for several cities.Tall structures help accommodate more people in the limited resources of land. With the growing number of immigrant population in the city,if horizontal construction continues, the city will in no time run out of options for further development. Tall buildings use lesser ground area and so more land is available for better infrastructure development such as parking,gardens and other important facilities, A flat on a higher floor offers residents a significant reduction in the level of smog and noise. It also provides more light, better ventilation and greater relief from the heat. In short, better quality of life. While overall Floor Space Index (FSI) remains low in the country, especially in big cities, it is also difficult to btain large-sized plot wiyhin cities for construction of high rise buildings.Rules for high rise buildings are stringent. Builders must follow norms for setbacks, elevators, in house fire safety equipment, service ducts, electricity supply, exit routes, a published fire safety plan and more. One of the key factors that decides wheather compliance is required is the height of the building itself; the height decides wheather a building is a high-rise or not. The two most questioned aspects of high rise buildings are structural stability and security. In order to make the high-rise building withstand natural calamities, the design has to incorporate mechanisms to resist wind force of a very high intensity; the second important issue is safety in case of fire. For this High rise buildings are designed with free spaces for rescue and fire resistant materials. The Auto Climbing System though a very promising and beneficial addition to the construction industry of high rise building however like two sides of a coin it has both positive and negative aspects. The Automatic Climbing System (ACS) is a hydraulically operated self- climbing formwork system used for construction of tall concrete structures such as building core walls and bridge pylons. Tall concrete structures have historically been formed with crane lifted formwork often referred to as jump forms. This procedure requires extensive crane time and is too slow, unsafe and unproductive for tall structures where the concrete walls are typically on the critical path. Even though Auto or Self climbing system is a huge boost in reducing the time required for project completion, we cannot neglect the safety loopholes in these systems.The need to perform this study is to provide a safe and secure working environment to the workers, labors and all the personnel working on and below the pla tform. Great care is taken for installation of these platforms. However it is widely observed that while the jumping or lifting of the platform is done not much study has been done in terms of the safety of this particular activity. Throughout the industry accidents has been reported while lifting the platform from one level to another.LITERATURE REVIEWThe ACS is used on the exterior of a core wall, for the facade of a structural concrete building or for bridge pylons. A significant advantage of the ACS format is that there are no over wall obstructions thus permitting the reinforcing steel to be prettied on the ground and lifted into place in mats. The ACS configuration is utilized for the interior cells of a core wall or for raising both the interior and exterior formwork for a building core together.The climbing sequence begins by stripping the formwork from the previously cast lift using the carriages on the brackets or platform. The leading climbing shoes are then bolted to the anchors in the previous lift. The hydraulic climbing mechanism rails located at each bracket or platform beam to the leading climbing shoes where they engage and lock automatically. The climbing mechanism is switched from climbing the rails to climbing the unit. The ACS unit then climbs on the rails at the speed of 0.50m (1-8) per minute. After the unit has reached the leading climbing shoe, it is secured with a locking bar and the hydraulic system is disengaged. With the unit in its new location, the rebar is installed from the work platform and the formwork is positioned using the carriages. The formwork is now ready form concrete placement to complete the construction cycle. When choosing the most suitable ACS version for a particular project, the following factors are decisive: the form of the building, the required construction sequence, specified cycle times, reinforcement work, and the requirement that the placing boom also has to be climbed. Formwork can be classified to a variety of categories- relating to the differences in sizes, the location of use, construction materials, nature of operation, or simply by the brand name of the products.Construction- related factors1. Complexity of the built environment:Exceptionally small or large sites, sloped or very crowded sites, proximity to sensitive structures, sites where other major activities are underway, or sites with many physical or contractual restrictions will increase the difficulty of working with formwork.2. Speed of work:For high rise buildings, increasing the number of formwork used cannot always solve the question of speed, for the critical path still depends on the floor cycle. However, a properly selected, designed and arranged formwork system will increase work efficacy for each typical cycle. Adding half or a full set of formwork for the floor forms help to speed up the cycle.3. Re use of formwork:Re use for traditional timber formwork is usually limited due to the durability of the plywood sheeting. The optimum number of times of timber form can be used is usually 12 to 14. Thus it is still sufficiently economical to use timber formwork for high rise building at heights in accordance to the multiple of the usual re-used times.4. Construction planning:Constructing planning such as the phasing or sectioning arrangement, integration of the structure, site layout and set up arrangements or hoisting provisions and concrete placing facilities are influencing factors when considering formwork selection application. 5. Dependence of work:Many factors should be considered before employment of a construction plan and the selection of the right formwork system. These include considerations of whether there will be lifting appliances will be provided for erection of formwork, will these appliances will be able to access the work spot to assist in the operstions.